riskbycounty
FEMA NRI 1.19.0Updated Nov 2023 · Coverage 2014–2023Methodology

Essex County Disaster Risk

Essex County, Massachusetts

FEMA Risk Rating

Relatively High

National Percentile

96th

of 3,144 counties

State Rank

#2

of 14 (1 = highest risk)

Flood Risk

98th

percentile

Hazard Risk Breakdown

Flood

River, coastal, and surface flooding risk

Relatively High

Higher than 98% of US counties

Wildfire

Wildland and wildland-urban interface fire risk

Relatively Low

Higher than 59% of US counties

Tornado

Tornado and severe thunderstorm risk

Moderate

Higher than 92% of US counties

Earthquake

Seismic activity and ground shaking risk

Relatively High

Higher than 95% of US counties

Hurricane

Tropical cyclone and hurricane risk

Moderate

Higher than 93% of US counties

Risk Overview

About Natural Disaster Risk in Essex County, Massachusetts

Essex ranks among America's riskiest counties

Essex County's composite risk score of 95.58 places it in the highest tier of American disaster risk, exceptionally high compared to the national average. Nearly every hazard type registers at elevated levels in Essex, creating a complex, multi-threat environment. Residents here face greater overall disaster exposure than nearly all other American counties.

Highest-risk county in Massachusetts

Essex County's 95.58 composite score is the highest in Massachusetts, significantly outpacing the state average of 78.84 and topping every other county in the state. Hampden (92.78) and Bristol (89.85) come closest, but neither approaches Essex's comprehensive hazard exposure. Essex represents the state's peak disaster risk concentration.

Dramatically higher risk than all peers

Essex's 95.58 score towers above nearby Franklin (60.72), Hampshire (69.88), Berkshire (84.00), and even coastal Barnstable (89.09) and Bristol (89.85). The 5+ point gap between Essex and the second-riskiest county is massive. Essex's dense coastal development, urban concentration, and Atlantic exposure combine to create Massachusetts' most hazard-prone environment.

All major hazards pose serious threats

Essex residents confront exceptional risk across nearly every hazard type: floods (97.80), earthquakes (94.91), hurricanes (93.28), tornadoes (92.43), and even wildfires (59.19). Unlike counties where one or two hazards dominate, Essex faces a genuinely compound, multi-layered disaster environment. Every hazard type here requires active attention and preparation.

Comprehensive coverage strategy is essential

With flood (97.80), earthquake (94.91), hurricane (93.28), and tornado (92.43) risks all at extreme levels, standard homeowners insurance is dangerously insufficient. You need federal flood insurance, earthquake coverage, and premium wind/hurricane riders as baseline protection. Consider working with a comprehensive insurance advisor to layer coverage appropriately across all hazard types.

Source: FEMA National Risk Index · Narrative reviewed by Evan Brooks, Data Editor

Preparedness Guide

What to Prepare for in Essex County

Top Hazards by Exposure

  1. #1
    FloodPrepare
    98th percentile
  2. #2
    EarthquakePrepare
    95th percentile
  3. #3
    HurricanePrepare
    93th percentile

Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.19.0 · Percentiles are national (3,144 counties)

Risk Advisory: Essex County

Risk Verdict

With a national rank of 96th percentile, Essex County faces above-average natural disaster pressure across several hazard categories. High composite risk signals that multiple hazard types are elevated simultaneously; planning for more than one scenario is important in Essex County.

Hazard Breakdown

Flood risk is Essex County's dominant natural hazard, ranked at the 98th percentile nationally under FEMA's National Risk Index. Earthquake ranks second at the 95th percentile nationally. Additional tracked hazards include hurricane (93th percentile), tornado (92th percentile), wildfire (59th percentile).

Preparedness Context

Essex County's dominant hazard is flooding, ranked at the 98th percentile nationally. In addition to flood insurance, residents should identify their nearest evacuation shelter and store key documents in waterproof containers. The county's second-ranked hazard, earthquake at the 95th percentile nationally, means Essex County residents face compounding risks from multiple natural hazard types during peak seasons. Essex County's county emergency management office publishes hazard-specific guidance tailored to local conditions; bookmarking that resource and the county's alert system is a practical first step for any household.

Regional Context

Essex County falls 16.7 points above Massachusetts's typical county risk level, which means the hazard environment here is notably more demanding than the state baseline.

Is your household prepared for Essex County's hazards?

Review FEMA's county-specific preparedness checklists and emergency planning guides.

FEMA Ready Guide →

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the natural disaster risk in Essex County, MA?
Essex County has a FEMA National Risk Index rating of Relatively High, placing it in the 96th percentile nationally out of 3,144 counties. This composite score reflects the county's overall exposure to natural hazards including floods, wildfires, tornadoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes, weighted by expected annual loss and social vulnerability.
What types of natural hazards affect Essex County?
Essex County is evaluated for five major natural hazard types: flooding (98th percentile), earthquake (95th percentile), hurricane (93th percentile), tornado (92th percentile), wildfire (59th percentile). The highest-risk hazard is flooding at the 98th percentile nationally. These scores are derived from FEMA's National Risk Index, which analyzes expected annual loss, social vulnerability, and community resilience for each hazard type.
How does Essex County risk compare to the Massachusetts average?
Essex County's composite risk percentile is 96th, compared to the Massachusetts state average of 79th percentile. The state's overall risk rating is Relatively Low. This means Essex County faces higher natural disaster risk than the typical county in Massachusetts.
Is Essex County at risk for flooding?
Yes, Essex County's flooding risk is at the 98th percentile nationally. This places it in the top quartile for this hazard type.
How is natural disaster risk measured?
FEMA's National Risk Index (NRI) calculates risk scores for 18 natural hazard types across all U.S. counties and census tracts. The composite score combines Expected Annual Loss (estimated dollar losses from each hazard), Social Vulnerability (demographic factors affecting disaster impact), and Community Resilience (ability to recover). Percentile scores rank each county against all 3,144 U.S. counties, and risk ratings range from Very Low to Very High.
Why is Essex County higher risk than average?
Essex County's composite risk score of 96th percentile is above the Massachusetts state average of 79th percentile. This elevated risk is driven by flooding exposure (98th percentile), along with earthquake and hurricane and tornado and wildfire risk. Geographic location, terrain, climate patterns, and proximity to flood zones or fault lines all influence a county's risk profile.
By Evan Brooks, Data EditorUpdated Reviewed by Evan Brooks, Data Editor

Data Source

Risk data sourced from the FEMA National Risk Index (NRI). Risk scores are relative rankings (0–100) across all US counties — not absolute risk measures. Higher scores indicate higher relative risk compared to other counties.

Disclaimer: This data is informational only. It is not financial, insurance, or legal advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making insurance or real estate decisions.