riskbycounty
FEMA NRI 1.19.0Updated Nov 2023 · Coverage 2014–2023Methodology

Buncombe County Disaster Risk

Buncombe County, North Carolina

FEMA Risk Rating

Relatively Moderate

National Percentile

89th

of 3,144 counties

State Rank

#18

of 100 (1 = highest risk)

Flood Risk

92th

percentile

Hazard Risk Breakdown

Flood

River, coastal, and surface flooding risk

Moderate

Higher than 92% of US counties

Wildfire

Wildland and wildland-urban interface fire risk

Relatively Low

Higher than 81% of US counties

Tornado

Tornado and severe thunderstorm risk

Moderate

Higher than 81% of US counties

Earthquake

Seismic activity and ground shaking risk

Moderate

Higher than 85% of US counties

Hurricane

Tropical cyclone and hurricane risk

Relatively Low

Higher than 69% of US counties

Risk Overview

About Natural Disaster Risk in Buncombe County, North Carolina

Buncombe ranks above national average

Buncombe County's composite risk score of 89.34 places it in the relatively moderate category—notably higher than the national average. The county's mountain location and recent flooding events drive elevated risk across multiple hazard categories.

Second-riskiest county in North Carolina

Buncombe ranks second highest in composite risk among North Carolina counties with a score of 89.34, well above the state average of 66.72. Only Brunswick County exceeds it, reflecting Buncombe's unique geographic vulnerabilities.

Substantially riskier than surrounding counties

Buncombe's 89.34 score far exceeds neighbors Burke County (70.17) and Caldwell County (67.43) in the western Appalachian region. Its elevated ranking stems from mountainous terrain that amplifies flood and wildfire risks.

Flooding and earthquakes pose serious threat

Buncombe faces 91.73 flood risk—the highest in its region—driven by mountain streams and heavy precipitation, along with 85.40 earthquake risk reflecting its position in an active seismic zone. Wildfire risk (80.63) and tornado exposure (81.33) add additional layers of hazard.

Flood insurance is essential here

Buncombe's flood risk demands that homeowners secure flood insurance regardless of FEMA zone designation, as mountain streams and sudden weather events create localized inundation. Store valuables in waterproof containers and maintain emergency supplies including water and medications.

Source: FEMA National Risk Index · Narrative reviewed by Evan Brooks, Data Editor

Preparedness Guide

What to Prepare for in Buncombe County

Top Hazards by Exposure

  1. #1
    FloodPrepare
    92th percentile
  2. #2
    EarthquakePrepare
    85th percentile
  3. #3
    TornadoPrepare
    81th percentile

Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.19.0 · Percentiles are national (3,144 counties)

Risk Advisory: Buncombe County

Risk Verdict

Buncombe County registers a moderately elevated natural disaster risk, ranking at the 89th percentile across all U.S. counties. High composite risk signals that multiple hazard types are elevated simultaneously; planning for more than one scenario is important in Buncombe County.

Hazard Breakdown

Flood risk is Buncombe County's dominant natural hazard, ranked at the 92th percentile nationally under FEMA's National Risk Index. Earthquake ranks second at the 85th percentile nationally. Additional tracked hazards include tornado (81th percentile), wildfire (81th percentile), hurricane (69th percentile).

Preparedness Context

Buncombe County's dominant hazard is flooding, ranked at the 92th percentile nationally. In addition to flood insurance, residents should identify their nearest evacuation shelter and store key documents in waterproof containers. The county's second-ranked hazard, earthquake at the 85th percentile nationally, means Buncombe County residents face compounding risks from multiple natural hazard types during peak seasons. Buncombe County's county emergency management office publishes hazard-specific guidance tailored to local conditions; bookmarking that resource and the county's alert system is a practical first step for any household.

Regional Context

Buncombe County falls 22.6 points above North Carolina's typical county risk level, which means the hazard environment here is notably more demanding than the state baseline.

Is your household prepared for Buncombe County's hazards?

Review FEMA's county-specific preparedness checklists and emergency planning guides.

FEMA Ready Guide →

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the natural disaster risk in Buncombe County, NC?
Buncombe County has a FEMA National Risk Index rating of Relatively Moderate, placing it in the 89th percentile nationally out of 3,144 counties. This composite score reflects the county's overall exposure to natural hazards including floods, wildfires, tornadoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes, weighted by expected annual loss and social vulnerability.
What types of natural hazards affect Buncombe County?
Buncombe County is evaluated for five major natural hazard types: flooding (92th percentile), earthquake (85th percentile), tornado (81th percentile), wildfire (81th percentile), hurricane (69th percentile). The highest-risk hazard is flooding at the 92th percentile nationally. These scores are derived from FEMA's National Risk Index, which analyzes expected annual loss, social vulnerability, and community resilience for each hazard type.
How does Buncombe County risk compare to the North Carolina average?
Buncombe County's composite risk percentile is 89th, compared to the North Carolina state average of 67th percentile. The state's overall risk rating is Relatively Low. This means Buncombe County faces higher natural disaster risk than the typical county in North Carolina.
Is Buncombe County at risk for flooding?
Yes, Buncombe County's flooding risk is at the 92th percentile nationally. This places it in the top quartile for this hazard type.
How is natural disaster risk measured?
FEMA's National Risk Index (NRI) calculates risk scores for 18 natural hazard types across all U.S. counties and census tracts. The composite score combines Expected Annual Loss (estimated dollar losses from each hazard), Social Vulnerability (demographic factors affecting disaster impact), and Community Resilience (ability to recover). Percentile scores rank each county against all 3,144 U.S. counties, and risk ratings range from Very Low to Very High.
Why is Buncombe County higher risk than average?
Buncombe County's composite risk score of 89th percentile is above the North Carolina state average of 67th percentile. This elevated risk is driven by flooding exposure (92th percentile), along with earthquake and tornado and wildfire and hurricane risk. Geographic location, terrain, climate patterns, and proximity to flood zones or fault lines all influence a county's risk profile.
By Evan Brooks, Data EditorUpdated Reviewed by Evan Brooks, Data Editor

Data Source

Risk data sourced from the FEMA National Risk Index (NRI). Risk scores are relative rankings (0–100) across all US counties — not absolute risk measures. Higher scores indicate higher relative risk compared to other counties.

Disclaimer: This data is informational only. It is not financial, insurance, or legal advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making insurance or real estate decisions.